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【会计师 Accountants/审计师 Auditors 联盟】
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发表于 10-4-2009 12:11 AM
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发表于 10-4-2009 12:12 AM
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原帖由 tanglk 于 10-4-2009 12:08 AM 发表 
当subsi 有问题时,holding 的company level 就要provide allowance for doubtful debt 或干脆 write off.
所以当你liquidate 时,company level 只是 dr allowance for doubt debt (B/S), cr amt due by sub ...
是吗?
如果emphasis of matters呢? |
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发表于 10-4-2009 12:12 AM
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回复 1525# tanglk 的帖子
高手出现了~
这里好多高手。。
这个帖发现得太迟了~
不过 总好过没发现~
以后还请各位大大多多指教 |
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发表于 10-4-2009 12:17 AM
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发表于 10-4-2009 12:17 AM
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发表于 10-4-2009 12:23 AM
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发表于 10-4-2009 12:25 AM
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原帖由 sweety1982 于 10-4-2009 12:12 AM 发表 
是吗?
如果emphasis of matters呢?
你知道为什么 auditor 只写 emphasis of matter (EOM 基本上不是 qualification 来的)? 而不直接 qualify on going concern ?
因为在 companies act S174(也可能是173 或175 现在手上没有companies act 明天回office check) 里有提到 auditors 要在 holding 的 audit reports 里mention 它有没有 subsi 的accounts 是被qualified 的。
想想看,一间plc 的auditors report 出现这种情形, directors 的面子要放去那里。
所以一个好的FC,在auditors 没有进来之前,就会在那些可能被qualifed 的subsi 做手脚。这一招是我1998里audit 一间blue chip PLC 的时候学到的。以後有机會才教你們,周公教我去喝茶了。 |
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发表于 10-4-2009 12:29 AM
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呵呵。。
我也去找周公了~
看会不会遇到tanglk然后当面向他请教
大家晚安罗 |
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发表于 10-4-2009 12:31 AM
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原帖由 tanglk 于 10-4-2009 12:08 AM 发表 
我也是很奇怪,当subsi 有going concern 的问题时,很多auditor 要holding 给 letter ofcomfort, so that 他們不用qualify 那個subsi 的accounts ,在法律上 letter of comfort是废纸一张。
这个,我也很奇怪.不管什么书本都对你说comfort letter, 一张没有legal enforcement的冬冬.那时候的manager回答我是:"作就对鸟,别问"
后来想想,comfort letter 已经part or parcel cover 在 letter of rep里面料,so auditor是被management 的representation说他们在那时候认为如果subsi有难,他们会出手.
所以,就算那comfort letter没legal enforcement (subsi瓜老趁时可以食言),但,从auditor的角度来看已经够料.如果有事的话,是client mislead你,而不是auditor detect不到.
再说,management representation, under international standard on auditing (ISA) 580 里有提到"...The auditor should obtain written representations from management on matters material to the financial statements when other sufficient
appropriate audit evidence cannot reasonably be expected to exist..."
所以,个人认为,obtain comfort letter就able to cover auditor ass鸟.
不懂tangkl大大有什么opinion吗?
[ 本帖最后由 白狐狸 于 10-4-2009 12:38 AM 编辑 ] |
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发表于 10-4-2009 12:36 AM
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发表于 10-4-2009 12:36 AM
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卡帖........
[ 本帖最后由 白狐狸 于 10-4-2009 01:01 AM 编辑 ] |
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发表于 10-4-2009 12:40 AM
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发表于 10-4-2009 12:50 AM
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原帖由 tanglk 于 10-4-2009 12:08 AM 发表 
Kleinwort Benson v MMC Berhad [1989].
"It is our policy to ensure that the business of MMC metals is conducted in such a way that MMC is at all time to meets is liability under the above agreement."
refer to the case, the court of appeal noted that no words such as "promise", "warrant", or "undertake" were used. it just serve the purpose of "present fact" rather than an undertaking to maintain the state of affairs of the subsidiary @ all time.
The argument here, per my understanding of the case study, is more on the wording of the aforesaid statement. "our policy" and this more like a general statement. |
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发表于 10-4-2009 08:20 AM
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发表于 10-4-2009 08:32 AM
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发表于 10-4-2009 09:52 AM
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发表于 10-4-2009 10:42 AM
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原帖由 reekinv 于 10-4-2009 09:52 AM 发表 
我觉得白狐狸和tanglk两位大大都很神
熟悉company law,accounting standard etc.....
很想知道他们累计了多少年的工作经验
我也想知道 你们真的好厉害哦 |
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发表于 10-4-2009 11:15 AM
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原帖由 白狐狸 于 10-4-2009 12:31 AM 发表 
这个,我也很奇怪.不管什么书本都对你说comfort letter, 一张没有legal enforcement的冬冬.那时候的manager回答我是:"作就对鸟,别问"
后来想想,comfort letter 已经part or parcel cover 在 letter of rep里面 ...
以前做audit 的时候, 如果沒有做 stock take 或 cash count, manager 叫我們跟client 拿一张confirmation 就搞掂。如果每样東西都可以拿representation, 就不用audit 了。
ISA580 (2009 version).
4. Although written representations provide necessary audit evidence, they do not provide sufficient appropriate audit evidence on their own about any of the matters with which they deal. Furthermore, the fact that management has provided reliable written representations does not affect the nature or extent of other audit evidence that the auditor obtains about the fulfillment of management’s responsibilities, or about specific assertions.
16. If the auditor has concerns about the competence, integrity, ethical values or diligence of management, or about its commitment to or enforcement of these, the auditor shall determine the effect that such concerns may have on the reliability of representations (oral or written) and audit evidence in general. (Ref: Para. A26-A27)
17. In particular, if written representations are inconsistent with other audit evidence, the auditor shall perform audit procedures to attempt to resolve the matter. If the matter remains unresolved, the auditor shall reconsider the assessment of the competence, integrity, ethical values or diligence of management, or of its commitment to or enforcement of these, and shall determine the effect that this may have on the reliability of representations (oral or written) and audit evidence in general. (Ref: Para. A25)
18. If the auditor concludes that the written representations are not reliable, the auditor shall take appropriate actions, including determining the possible effect on the opinion in the auditor’s report in accordance with [proposed] ISA 705 (Revised and Redrafted),4 having regard to the requirement in paragraph 20 of this ISA.
Management Representation 只能在几种情況下使用:
1. Subjective areas, 如 management's intention, 就好像公司要不要継續去打那場官司。那些可independently verified 的 area 千萬不可用。我們不可能叫client confirm 它的stock 值多少錢,或者petty cash 有多少錢。如果他的GL show petty cash, RM50,000, 你會相信嗎?我就遇过这种case, 嚇嚇那個accounts exec 过后,她就坦白的說,那是拿政府contract 的 undertable money, 不懂得怎样做, 因为沒有 voucher, 所以全部堆在 petty cash.
2. 一定要看circumstance evidence, 或 corroborative evidence, 來confirm 那些representation 不是写爽的。通常在小公司,一遇到 going concern 的問題,直接 qualify, 鬼才會相信那些director 。
在大公司就比较小心,大client, audit fee 也比较高,老板都會給面子的。如果client 跟你講他們會継續support 那間subsi,不过common sense 跟你說那是不可能的事,或者client 自己做一些和reprentation 相反的动作,就叫他們放進board reso. Cover 自己。 |
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发表于 10-4-2009 11:37 AM
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回复 1544# tanglk 的帖子
ISA 580 revised 了?我的version还是几年前偷偷从公司拿回家复印滴。。
同意,不能全部都management representation,但在这support subsi的情况,management representation倒是没办法中的办法。
resolution表明立场,但,这还是不能form 任何的support呐。resol只是在AGM时management都同意,把“意思“传达给shareholder吧鸟。它可以subject to change/revise滴,不是吗?
capparo的case都可以酱子讲鸟,resol只给shareholder,我也可以酱紫讲。logic好像都一样。
我离开EA的生活快2年了,都是以前的记忆鸟,没有update滴。
希望没记错。
现在focus在internal control吧鸟。。 |
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发表于 10-4-2009 11:43 AM
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原帖由 reekinv 于 10-4-2009 09:52 AM 发表 
我觉得白狐狸和tanglk两位大大都很神
熟悉company law,accounting standard etc.....
很想知道他们累计了多少年的工作经验
tanglk比较厉害,
在下从medium firm出来滴,看得广,但不深,比较注重架构和逻辑来看事。
tanglk就字里行间专业的写法,用规条让自己立于不败之地。
狐狸骗吃滴,看我现在上班时间还混佳礼就知道鸟。
狐狸讲究work smart滴。
呵呵呵 |
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