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发表于 9-1-2011 10:24 PM
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我没有地方问了。。。请问ILS要怎么设定。。。 |
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发表于 9-1-2011 11:49 PM
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发表于 9-1-2011 11:56 PM
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老何大大,我知道怎么调整ILS了,最后有几个问题请教。。。
ILS Capture 到 signal 之后,可以用Auto Pilot 吗?还是一定要用?altitude 和 speed hold 可以用吗? |
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楼主 |
发表于 10-1-2011 02:18 PM
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难道如果没有这个required navigation performance的飞机会飞不准???
没有这个东西,普通的是什么?
遨翔 发表于 9-1-2011 11:49 PM
所有的 commercial flight 都是飞 IFR。而 IFR 最少需要 RNP(required navigation performance)-5。RNP-5 的 airways 都是在陆地上或者靠近陆地。因为 RNP-5 它是依赖 ground nav aids。来保持 accuracy within 5NM。如果没有 ground nav aids,飞机会漂离开 airways。
RNP-10 则是只需靠飞机上自己的 navigation system (IRS & GPS)就可以保持 accuracy within 10NM。为什么文章里头说会省油呢?我举个例子来说明。从 Kuala Lumpur 飞去 Manila,如果飞机只是 rated RNP-5,那么飞机必须飞靠近 Borneo Island (Kuching, K.Kinabalu) 来飞去 Manila。因为那条路线是 RNP-5 的路线。如果飞机有 rated RNP-10,那么它可以直跨南中国海。因为那路线是 RNP-10 的 airways。两者相比,前者兜大圈到 Manila,后者飞直线到 Manila。所以文章里就直接简说成 RNP 可以省油而没有加以解释。RNP-5 的飞机只可以飞 RNP-5的路线。RNP-10的飞机可以飞 RNP-5 和 RNP-10的路线。
Normal 的是 SID (Standard Instrument Departure)、STAR (Standard Arrival)。更高准确度的是 RNAV SID,RNAV STAR。它是 RNP-1。准确度是在 1NM的范围里。
Southwest to launch RNP on 11 January
By Lori Ranson
Southwest Airlines plans to officially start using wide-scale required navigation performance on 11 January.
RNP allows aircraft to fly more direct and precise paths to cut flight time and fuel consumption. It also enables the use of localiser performance with vertical guidance procedures that require fewer ground-based instrument landing aids, which gives increased access to airports, particularly in low-visibility conditions.
Chief operating officer Mike Van de Ven told investors: "If we can save literally three minutes of flight, we will have, depending on the price of fuel, $25 million, $30 million, $40 million worth of fuel-burn benefits."
While upgrading cockpit avionics to support RNP, the carrier also opted to start using auto-throttle on its Boeing 737-700s, which ensures optimum altitude is maintained throughout cruise. "That change itself probably reduced our fuel costs by about $15 million a year," Van de Ven added.
老何大大,我知道怎么调整ILS了,最后有几个问题请教。。。
ILS Capture 到 signal 之后,可以用Auto Pilot 吗?还是一定要用?altitude 和 speed hold 可以用吗?
史奈克 发表于 9-1-2011 11:56 PM
ILS 只是一个 guidance system,Auto pilot 是 flight automation system。你可以选择让 auto pilot 飞 ILS,或则你自己 manual flying 飞 ILS。
Altitude hold 在 caputre glide scope 之后会被 disable 掉。如果 alt hold 的话,那么飞机会保持现有高度而不会下降。 Speed hold 就是 auto thrust/auto throttle,它就好像汽车的 cruise control 那样保持同样的速度。它可以使用来降落。 |
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发表于 11-1-2011 04:27 PM
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Qantas grounded all A380 flights after one of its A380s experienced an uncontained engine failure on a Singapore-Sydney flight on 4 November. It had progressively resumed A380 services since then but has not done so on flights to Los Angeles, due to thrust limitations on Qantas' Trent 900 engines which emerged in the aftermath of the failure.
为什么去Los Angeles就要马力全开,而其他航线就不需要吗? |
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楼主 |
发表于 12-1-2011 12:18 PM
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Qantas grounded all A380 flights after one of its A380s experienced an uncontained engine failure on a Singapore-Sydney flight on 4 November. It had progressively resumed A380 services since then but has not done so on flights to Los Angeles, due to thrust limitations on Qantas' Trent 900 engines which emerged in the aftermath of the failure.
为什么去Los Angeles就要马力全开,而其他航线就不需要吗?
遨翔 发表于 11-1-2011 04:27 PM
Qantas to resume A380 flights to Los Angeles on 16 Jan
By Ghim-Lay Yeo
Qantas Airways will resume operating the Airbus A380 to Los Angeles on 16 January, after it stopped operating the superjumbo jet on trans-Pacific routes following an uncontained engine failure two months ago.
The Oneworld carrier will operate the A380 from Melbourne to Los Angeles on 16 January, and will resume A380 flights on Sydney-Los Angeles later this month.
"After extensive engineering analysis and close consultation with Rolls-Royce, Airbus and the European and Australian regulators, Qantas, Rolls-Royce and the Civil Aviation Safety Authority are now satisfied that it is appropriate for Qantas to resume A380 flying on the Los Angeles-Australia routes," says the airline.
Qantas grounded all A380 flights after one of its A380s experienced an uncontained engine failure on a Singapore-Sydney flight on 4 November. It had progressively resumed A380 services since then but has not done so on flights to Los Angeles, due to thrust limitations on Qantas' Trent 900 engines which emerged in the aftermath of the failure.
"In close consultation with Rolls-Royce, we are now confident that we can begin flying the A380 to and from Los Angeles without any conditions on the use of maximum engine thrust," says Qantas' CEO Alan Joyce without elaborating.
A Qantas spokesman did not immediately respond to questions about what changes were made to the Trent 900s to allow them to operate again on the trans-Pacific routes, which would require maximum engine thrust.
Altogether, Qantas will operate 14 A380 services a week for the remainder of January on three routes, says the airline. The routes are: Melbourne-Singapore-London, Sydney-Los Angeles and Sydney-Singapore-London, it adds.
It is not clear yet if the 16 January Melbourne-Los Angeles flight will be the only one operated with the A380 this month. A Qantas spokesman did not immediately respond to queries.
The airline will gradually increase A380 frequencies on London and Los Angeles routes as more aircraft return to service and new deliveries join the fleet, it says.
Qantas operates seven A380s currently, including the jet damaged in the 4 November incident.
In response to Qantas' announcement, Rolls-Royce says: "We are delighted that Qantas is now resuming its services to Los Angeles and that the Trent 900 fleet has returned to normal operation. All engine thrust restrictions have now been removed in agreement with Airbus, our airline customers and the regulators."
转载自:http://www.flightglobal.com/arti ... eles-on-16-jan.html
遨翔,读文章时请不要断章取义。这样很容易造成误解。请贴上整个文章,然后再 highlight 你所要讲的部分。
Qantas 和 Singapore Airlines 是使用 Trent 972 (with 72,000 lbf of thrust)。基于 2010年11月4号发生了 engine failure 过后,Rolls-Royce 为了安全实施了新的限制,将 Trent 972 原本 72,000 lbf of thrust 降低到 70,000 lbf of thrust (和 Trent 970 一样)。这个就是文章里所说的 thrust limitations。
虽然我没有飞过 A380,但是我可以大概推测它背后的道理。这是和飞机的 maximum cruise level 有关系。当飞机很重的时候,它无法达到它的 design maximum altitude。它只能在低的altitude 飞行。因为再高的 altitude 的时候,引擎已经没有足够的动力来保持飞机的 cruising mach number (不能维持速度飞机会 stall )。而在低空飞行会直接影响到 max range。
不管什么飞机都好,只要在cruise 的时候发生 engine failure,第一步都是将 remaining operating engines set maximum continues thrust (尽量不要失去速度,但是速度肯定会跌,因为飞机的动力减少了)。第二步是 deviate from airways (避免在下降是和其他的飞机 conflict)。第三步是降低到 engine out cruise level (剩下的 engine 可以保持 cruising speed)。接下来是考虑要 divert 去哪一个机场。
Qantas to fly one A380 again on Saturday, Rolls Royce may limit Trent 900 thrust
By ktwop
Qantas will have one A380 ready to fly again on Saturday 27th, 23 days after the engine explosion on QF32. Bloomberg reports:
Chief Executive Officer Alan Joyce will be on the first flight, which will go to London from Sydney via Singapore, he said at a media briefing today. The carrier will conduct further inspections with Airbus, regulators and engine-maker Rolls-Royce Group Plc before resuming other routes, it said in a statement.
The carrier will have four 450-seat A380s in service before Dec. 25, including two new ones, Joyce said. The airline is also due to receive two superjumbos next year. Joyce said it is too early to estimate the cost of the disruption caused by grounding the A380s or to comment on whether the carrier will seek compensation.
The Financial Times reports that Rolls Royce are likely to restrict the operating regime of the Trent 900 by limiting the maximum thrust that can be used,
Reports in Australia said Rolls-Royce was about to impose new guidelines on users of its Trent 900 engines stipulating that they cannot be operated at above 70,000 pounds of thrust.
Downgrading thrust to 70,000 pounds would knock out Qantas’s A380 services from Sydney and Melbourne to Los Angeles, a worrying development for the Australian airline that dominates the Pacific route.
“72,000 pounds of thrust is needed for the Pacific route,” a Qantas spokesman said. The airline would not comment on reports that at 70,000 pounds of thrust, Qantas A380s would be forced to fly to Los Angeles less than half full. It said the voluntary suspension on the Pacific route remains “until further operational experience is gained or possible additional changes are made to engines”.
“Pilots still have access to maximum certified thrust [of 72,000 pounds] if they require it during flight. It is not a manufacturer’s directive,” the company added.
转载自:http://ktwop.wordpress.com/2010/ ... t-trent-900-thrust/ |
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发表于 12-1-2011 10:58 PM
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对了,我之前在captain lim那里有看到说有的飞机场比较靠近住宅区,所以会有一些restrictions来减声音污染。通常会怎么做?steep climb? |
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发表于 14-1-2011 02:51 PM
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本帖最后由 痞子_InCreDible 于 14-1-2011 03:06 PM 编辑
老何,
有个问题想问了你很久了
一个不是很肯定,当飞机在taxi 时。。转弯是用这个遥控杆来操控的吗?
但我猜想这个应该是用来提高/降下nose , decending 等时用的吧?
那么,在陆地上taxi 转弯时, 是不是靠踩踏desk 下面的pedals 呢?
在空中转弯(bank ?) 是怎样弯的?
扭转那些button, 更改heading ? 飞机就自然的弯?
还是需要踩pedal ? 还是图中的遥杆?"W" shaped control yoke
还有当engaged 了AP 时, 这个遥杆会随着电脑的操控而自己摆动的
对吗?
开飞机是不是像开车一样?需要一直摇摆着sterring?
(因为看短片有时是看到机师一直在control 着yoke)
不然不会直直飞去?会像左右边倾斜去(不过我想应该不可能的,飞行都set 好了heading, nagv, GPS)
还有,control yoke 是不是不能同时两个机师在操控着的?
只能一个人?that's why 需要说明“you've control" or "I've control"? (来提醒谁在操控着飞机?)
但还是白痴的问下(不要shoot 我哦)
我真糊涂了,blur 到。。。不好意思阿问这种问题
谢谢老何 |
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发表于 15-1-2011 11:58 AM
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回复 828# 痞子_InCreDible
原帖由 BlueAngels 于 12-6-2008 09:51 PM 发表
老何,那么就是说,只有captain 才能TAXI 737。 而FO sector 只是从起飞到降落,不包括TAXI? 不好意思,我一直以为 737 两边都有 TILLER ( 刚上了airliners.net 确定一下)。谢谢你,我又学了一样新知识。777 的前轮能左右转70度,用rudder只能转7度,超过7度需用TILLER。
对,737只有captain 才能 taxi。FO 的 sector 是从 line-up 到 landing roll to taxi speed 而已。
737 的 rudder pedal 也是转动前轮左右7度而已。 Tiller 可以转到 78 度。但是 effective turn 只有 75度。也就是说有3度 slip。雨天路滑的时候, slip 更为明显。
贴103# |
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发表于 16-1-2011 08:44 AM
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那时候我是没有察觉到机长把 reduced takeoff thrust 的 setting 移走后才把 control 交给我。当我一按下 TO/GA 按钮时电脑就会自动 set takeoff thrust。那一刹那,感觉到冲力比平时大了很多,然后我瞄了一下 N1 是 96.1%。不管怎样,在起跑点飞机永远是输的啦。
老何 发表于 30-5-2008 10:42
reduced takeoff thrust是什么??
N1又是什么??
还有,TO/GA又是什么????
Cadet 是一条线 Clear solo 后就没有 safety co-pilot 了 但是还是保持一条线。Clear functional 后才是两条线的 Second Officer 了。
老何 发表于 17-7-2008 23:03
什么是safety co-pilot呢??? |
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楼主 |
发表于 17-1-2011 12:33 PM
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楼主 |
发表于 17-1-2011 01:21 PM
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楼主 |
发表于 17-1-2011 01:41 PM
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reduced takeoff thrust是什么??
N1又是什么??
还有,TO/GA又是什么????
什么是safety co-pilot呢???
追魂鼓手 发表于 16-1-2011 08:44 AM
Reduced takeoff thrust 是减少飞机 takeoff thrust 的同时也可以安全起飞的 thrust settings。每一次 Takeoff 引擎都会经历最大的 wear and tare。 Maximum takeoff thrust 最伤引擎,会增加 maintenance cost。所以用 reduce takeoff thrust 就可以减少 maintenance cost。
N1 就是引擎的 low compression stage 的 indication。同时也是 indicate 引擎的冲力。N2 是引擎的 high compression stage 的 indication。
TO/GA = Takeoff Go Around。就是 auto thrust 、auto throttle 将引擎开动到最大冲力的时候。
Safety co-pilot 就是cockpit 里的第三只眼。有时 trainer 在教导 trainee 飞行的是时候,missed 掉一些 procedure ,Safety co-pilot 就要提醒。或者 trainer 在负责飞行的时候,safety co-pilot 可以 monitor trainee 在做的东西。如果会 jeopardize flight safety,就要马上阻止。 |
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发表于 18-1-2011 03:48 AM
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Reduced takeoff thrust 是减少飞机 takeoff thrust 的同时也可以安全起飞的 thrust settings。每一次 ...
老何 发表于 17-1-2011 13:41
懂了~~谢谢 |
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发表于 19-1-2011 12:00 AM
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楼主 |
发表于 19-1-2011 05:32 PM
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发表于 19-1-2011 05:55 PM
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本帖最后由 痞子_InCreDible 于 19-1-2011 06:10 PM 编辑
ATC 的 radar 是 secondary surveillance radar。它是需要飞机的 transponder 才能得知飞机的位置。它 ...
老何 发表于 19-1-2011 05:32 PM
老何
哦,原来是这样的。。
明白了些
刚才有在youtube 上看了些关于介绍cockpit 里的 overhead panel explain ..
现在才懂原来左边的一些buttons, setting, 是由captain 负责checklist 的
而FO 的却在右边,哈哈连aircon 的temperatures 都是在上面那里调整的阿
(那么老何通常你是把aircon 设定成auto ?还是指定多少度?白天热就开大?晚上开小?如果冷气开大点会吃油的吗?)
真的很以人为本
很多的buttons 不是Armed, 就是Auto, On / Off ,
很好奇,那么多东西
但看上去感觉起来又不是很复杂酱的 (还是我的错觉)?
fuel pumps 有6个对吗?3 tanks , left , centre ,right
看到哪个“cross feed" ,是不是能两边的fuel tank 通,以便balancing ?
那些 circuit breaker, panel brighter (调panel 的显示亮度?),2 hydraulic system (System A&B) , power, windows heat, wing& engine anti-ice 什么鬼都在那里
老何,请问take off 的checklist , wing&engine anti-ice 一定要off 啊?
这些设定只是在飞到外国(冬天时)才有用到?
那么,请问当飞机飞到37000 fleets (?) 时,是不是就得on ?
因为高度上空的温度在0以下,会结霜?
看了短片后,也才知道原来在上面那里设定 crusing FLT ALT, 及 Land ALT 的。。
真的很多东西需要checklist
fuel pump, APU, altenalte flap setting (15 or 40?) etc..
that GRD Call (是不是用来和地面上工作人员沟通的按键?)
哈哈,也看到Wiper 的部分,有park, INT, LOW,HIGH
真的很有趣这些东西 |
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发表于 20-1-2011 02:38 PM
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请问下像skyteam,oneworld和star alliance这种“帮派”加入了对我的航空公司有什么好处?是不是可以分享航线? |
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发表于 20-1-2011 03:10 PM
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老何
每当飞机起飞达到80 knts or above 时。。
都听到机师会讲这句 " Rotate" <-- ? 是指什么呢?转动那个control yoke 吗?
还有什么是positive climb ?
是指计算某些角度(degree), sea level , speed 之类的计算方式?
请你多多指点关于起飞的细节可以吗?
谢老何 |
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发表于 21-1-2011 03:48 PM
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老何,我又来发问了。。。
B737 有个 Course Switch, 是用来干什么的?会影响ILS降落吗?(Ominidirectional Switch????)
还有每次Taxi to gates 的时候,请问Ground 讲的号码有什么格式吗?我尝试读路牌,但行不通。。。 |
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