【专题讨论】退休规划讨论区 更新--另一种退休工具/另类投资 06-11-09

rfp2008

基本分成

1。公积金/退休金，银行储蓄，退休收入（顾问费/兼职收入）
2。 产业租金，股票分红，单位信托收入收益，或储蓄保险
等等

而马来西亚人比较偏向于租金收入和公积金来维持退休 后的生活
然而，epf的收益/回筹偏低使到一般民众在5年之内就耗费完了这笔储蓄

产业收入也是马来西亚人所喜欢的工具之一，其租金收入和潜在的升值能力也是受到热捧的原因之一。

除了以上主要的退休工具以外，马来西亚人也喜欢通过银行存款和单位信托来保障自己的生活

rfp2008

需要多少钱才能够退休呢？

这个数据因人而异，这是因为不同的人有不同的生活方式， 试看看想象你要得退休生活是什么的样子，然后根据不同的花费和通货膨胀率算出一个大概

所以，退休的金额取之你的1， 消费模式， 2。 你追求的生活水平

保守估计，人们在退休以后的收入有其退休前收入的百分之60% 已经算很足够了

给一个很笼统地数据， 只要90%的财富能够在每年带给你5-6%的回筹和10%的钱放在高风险投资上就大概可以达到这个目标了

（公积金--23%， 人寿保险8-10%， 长期储蓄，储蓄户口， 单位信托，投联保险带来16-20%,基本完成了53%收入的目标了）

rfp2008

如果按照这个基准的话（60%）， 单靠公积金所累计下来的钱财并不足够维持退休的生活（23%），然而人们的寿命增长，而导致漫长退休生活要过，还有医药费等

根据公积金局表示，超过80%的资金投资在低回筹但稳定的工具上面，如债卷，以便确保会员在退休时候能够保住老本。

rfp2008

人们只有两个选择，

1。 降低自己的生活水平（下下策）
2。 强化自己退休保障（寻求其他的管道来累积资金）
3。 改变自己的目前的生活方式

rfp2008

有很多的单位信托都有设立一些专门目的的信托基金如退休基金，教育基金等

越早的开始您的退休计划，而所承担的风险会越低，而达成目标的机会率会越高

做一个简单的推算

一个20岁的年轻人每个月投资100块在unit trust，而回筹率在10%计算
而40年以后，他累积的财富在100万左右，而他四十年来投资的资金比重之占了其累积财富的5% 左右 （五万块钱）

而相对的， 一个50岁的中年人要达成相等的目标则需要，100万， 回筹率也是10%
那么他却必须要每个月4000块钱或每年5万块投资，才能够在其剩下10年的时间来累积他的财富， 而他的投资资金比重却占了其累积财富的50% 左右 （五十万块钱）

rfp2008

很多马来西亚人把退休规划当作是一个遥远的事情，或是一件很重要的事情，但是不迫切执行的计划，但是往往我们在做沙盘推算的时候，
却发现在未来的日子，许多人在没有完善的退休计划下，可以说是晚年恳忧的状况出现。。。。
老实说，这已经不是单单在个人层面的问题了，而是整个社会必须要严肃面对的问题， 可预见的是， 在未来的日子里，将会有更多的社会资源放在一群银发族身上

rfp2008

此贴主要是看了罗伯特，清祺，和唐纳得，川普联手著作的
why we want you to be rich ,而引发回应的一个退休计划帖子

two men, one message,
你现在工作能做一辈子吗？
老板会给你退休金吗？
万一重病医疗保险金真得够用吗？
你非得有钱不可?

在马来西亚环境下，拥有读书习惯的人并不多，而对退休计划有如温水中的青蛙的人更加不在少数。 希望这贴能有点警世的作用

rfp2008

那就是时间或者金钱

因为许多人并没有投资时间，所以他们亏了钱

所以， 我觉得并不要太过依赖理财规划师或什么投资顾问的
因为投资你自己的知识和时间能够间接让你受益不浅
得空可以翻翻江大大的帖子呵呵

亏损是由于你没有时间和足够的知识

共勉之

rfp2008

一般上我们会采取两种方法来预算你退休金

1。replacement ratio method
2.。expenses method

replacement ratio method
相信顾客的退休生活所需要的可以通过您最后的薪水(last drawn salary)来做估计.通过通货膨胀的预算和薪金涨幅的预计， 可以算出个大概。
而这相信一般民众需要到70-80%的退休前薪金所得来维持目前的生活水平

2。 expense method
这和replacement ratio method 不同的地方在于，
它计算并且建构退休后生活的花费预算来决定退休金的多寡
一般包括了租金，衣服，食物，医疗费等必须品的价格
所以，决定目前或日后的现金流是采用这方法的第一步，
然后在加上各项目的通货膨胀率， 就是退休后所需要的退休金啦

rfp2008

		Expense  Method Worksheet
Expense Items	Current Expenses	Years to Retirement	Assummed Rate Of Inflation	Future Value of Expenses	Remarks
Housing
Food
Transportation
Cloth/  Per.Care
Health  Care
Recreation
Professional Developments
Insurance  and Savings
Taxes & Accounting
Miscellaneous
Others
Total

rfp2008

1。 Capital Liquidation Method
2.  Capital Conservation Method

Capital Liquidation Method
就是在您的退休生活里面不断的蒸发掉你的个人资产以供你退休生活所需， 例如说退休金。。这方法说难听点就是你需要决定你能活多久， 万一你长命过你所预测的，那么你恐怕要在你预测以外的退休生活过的比较难堪点了

Capital Conservation Method
这基本和上面的一样，只不过它有预留了些财产准备给下一代去承续，
这方法会比较好一点，因为至少会比上面的来的资金充足

rfp2008

在报纸上面看到许多退休人士把自己的退休金放在高风险收益的基金上面，结果血本无归
奉劝各位要把自己的退休金给看重些，不能把所有的钱放在同一个投资工具上面，应该把大部分的70-80%的钱放在决低风险的投资工具而不是倾家荡产的放在高风险基金那里

原因？很简单，因为没有时间让你去输这笔钱了

rfp2008

基金

关于许多退休人士把钱放进基金结果血本无归的情况，只能够感到很遗憾
部分原因是因为受到agent 误导而把钱放在高风险的基金上面
当然，要说的是，退休人士更应该事先做风险评估，和资产分配

退休人士一般不宜把自己的退休金放在太过激进的基金上面，
超过70-80%的钱应该放在定存等相对低风险的工具上面
以达到保本的目标

rfp2008

replacement ratio method
相信顾客的退休生活所需要的可以通过您最后的薪水(last drawn salary)来做估计.通过通货膨胀的预算和薪金涨幅的预计， 可以算出个大概。
而这相信一般民众需要到70-80%的退休前薪金所得来维持目前的生活水平

这需要预算你通货膨胀的预算和薪金涨幅还有投资组合的利润
但是人生非一成不变稳稳当当的，所以，每2-5年需要做review 来确保自己达成目标

RickyLow

很好的分享。理财有方！

rfp2008

Having a million-dollar portfolio is a retirement dream for manypeople. Making that dream come true requires some serious effort. Whilesuccess is never a sure thing, the 10 steps outlined below will go along way toward helping you achieve your objective.
1. Set the Goal
Nobodyplans to fail, but plenty of people fail to plan. It's a cliché, butit's true. "Plan" is the leading self-help advice from athletes,business moguls and everyday people who have achieved extraordinarygoals.

2. Start Saving
Ifyou don't save, you'll never reach your goal. As obvious as this mightseems, far too many people never even start to save. If your employeroffers a 401(k) plan, enrolling in the plan is a great way to put yoursavings on autopilot. Simply sign up for the plan andcontributions will be automatically taken out of your paycheck,increasing your savings and decreasing your immediate tax liability.

If your employer offers to match your contributions up to a certainpercentage, be sure to contribute enough to get the full match. It'slike getting a guaranteed return on your investment. Finding the cashto stash may be a challenge, particularly when you're young, but don'tlet that stop you from pursuing future riches.

3. Get Aggressive
Studieshave shown that the majority of the returns generated by an investmentare dictated by the asset-allocation decision. If you are looking togrow your wealth over time, fixed-income investments aren't likely toget the job done, and inflation can take a big chunk out of yoursavings.

Investing in equities entails more risk, but isalso statistically likely to lead to greater returns. For many of us,it's a risk we have to take if want to see our wealth grow.Asset-allocation strategies can help you learn how to make picking theright mix of securities the core of your investing strategy.

4. Prepare for Rainy Days
Partof long-term planning involves accepting the idea that setbacks willoccur. If you are not prepared, these setbacks can put a stop to yoursavings efforts. While you can't avoid all of the bumps in the road,you can prepare in advance to mitigate the damage they can do.

5. Save More
Yourincome should rise as time passes. You'll get raises, you'll changejobs, and maybe you'll get married and become a two-income family.Every time more cash comes in to your pocket, you should increase theamount that you save. The key to reaching your goal as quickly aspossible is to save as much as you can.

6. Watch Your Spending
Vacations,car, kids and all of life's other expenses take a big chunk out of yourpaycheck. To maximize your savings, you need to minimize your spending.Buying a home you can afford and living a lifestyle that is below yourmeans and not funded by credit cards are all necessities if you want toboost your savings.
7. Monitor Your Portfolio
There'sno need to obsess over every movement of the Dow. Instead, check yourportfolio once a year. Rebalance your asset allocation to keep on trackwith your plan.

8. Max Out Your Options
Takeadvantage of every savings opportunity that comes your way. Make themaximum contribution to tax-deferred savings plans and then open up ataxable account too. Don't let any chance to save get away.

9. Catch-Up Contributions
Whenyou reach age50, you are eligible to increase contributions totax-deferred savings plans. Take advantage of this opportunity!

10. Have Patience
"Get-rich-quick"schemes are usually just that - schemes. The power of compounding takestime, so invest early, invest often and accept that the road to richesis often long and slow. With that in mind, the sooner you get started,the better your odds of achieving your goals.

The Reality Of Retirement
Retirementmight seem far away, but it when it arrives nobody ever complains abouthaving too much money. Some people even question whether a milliondollars is enough.

That said, with lots of planning and discipline, you can reach your retirement goals and live a comfortable life after work.

[ 本帖最后由 rfp2008 于 23-10-2008 05:34 PM 编辑 ]

rfp2008

Even when one's investments are flourishing, facing retirement is stressful. But retiring during a bear market is not only significantly more nerve-wracking – it's also a lot more delicate. A bad move now could reverberate throughout your retirement years.

The good news is that, with the proper planning, folks can still retire without putting their nest egg at risk. Here are five last-minute steps pre-retirees should take before collecting their gold watches.

More from SmartMoney.com:

• Retirees Scaling Back

• The 3 Biggest Retirement Fear Factors

• 4 Ways to Maximize Your Social Security Benefits

1. Adjust Your Asset Allocation

Whether retirement is six months away or three years down the road, prospective retirees need to take a good hard look at their portfolio in order to determine if it consists of the right investment mix. Keep in mind that a retirement stash may have to last 30 years. So it's important that the portfolio's asset allocation isn't too conservative.

In fact, the biggest mistake retirees make, especially during a bear market, is to sell all of their stocks in favor of more conservative bonds. According to a recent study by investment management firm T. Rowe Price those who do so are virtually guaranteed to run out of money during their lifetime since the portfolio won't be able to keep up with inflation.

According to T. Rowe, a typical retiree should shoot for a mix of 55% stocks and 45% bonds. Of course, everyone's risk tolerance is different and other factors, such as pension distributions and the equity stake they have in their home, also need to be taken into consideration.

2. Plot Your Distributions

Before you stop working, plot out how much money you'll take each year from both your retirement account and Social Security. However tempting it may be to tap into these funds as soon as retirement hits, there are huge financial advantages to holding off for as long as you can, says Daniel Thomas, a CPA from Newport Beach, Calif.

T. Rowe's study shows that a recent retiree who withdraws 4% from a 401(k) or IRA during the first five years of retirement (and increases his withdrawal amount by 3% each year to keep up with inflation) while his portfolio has an average return of less than 5%, has just a 43% chance of his money lasting for the next 25 years. In a nutshell, if one takes the recommended distributions during a bear market, the chances of his money lasting during retirement are greatly reduced. Should he put off tapping into his investments until the market recovers, or reduce his withdrawals significantly, he can expect to more than double his chances of affording retirement.

As for Social Security, Uncle Sam allows you to start receiving benefits at age 62. But if a retiree can afford to wait until full retirement age (for those born between 1939 and 1942, it falls during your 65th year; for those born between 1943 and 1954, age 66), the government will reward them with a "delayed retirement credit" that adds 8% to his or her benefits each year until age 70. Use the Social Security Administration's retirement planner here to help you figure out when to start receiving your benefits.

3. Scale Down Your Lifestyle

One of the best ways to make money last during retirement is to scale back on expenses and stick to a budget. In the past, one of the easiest ways to achieve significant cost savings was to trade in a large home for a smaller one. Given the housing slump, that may not seem possible these days since homeowners can't count on fetching the rich prices they had hoped for just a year or two ago. Not to worry, says Bill Losey, a certified financial planner and author of "Retire in a Weekend." Most retirees have been in their homes long enough that they can afford to sell their properties for a bit less and still realize healthy profits. And if they buy a place in a more affordable part of the country, they'll certainly come out ahead. "By downsizing, my clients save between $750 to $1,000 a month," Losey says.

If moving isn't an option, then retirees will need to cut back on spending elsewhere. Losey recommends trading in large expensive cars for more economical ones. Another cost-saver: Postpone a pricey vacation until the stock market recovers.

4. Sign Up for Medicare

Health care is one of the biggest expenses retirees face. The first thing a prospective retiree should do is check if his employer offers retiree health benefits or if supplemental insurance will be necessary. The next thing: Get a handle on the registration rules for Medicare. While the government's health insurance for seniors has many attractive features — including its relatively inexpensive premiums — it also has very strict rules and will penalize people by adding an additional 10% to premiums for every year they don't sign up on time.

Here's what you need to know: The Medicare open enrollment period starts three months before a senior turns 65 and end three months after his 65th birthday. Miss the six-month window and retirees will go without coverage until the following general enrollment period, which is Jan 1 through March 31 of the next year. The only exception is for folks who are working full time and are on their employer's health plan. Their open enrollment period starts as soon as they officially leave the work force. Also, be aware that Medicare doesn't cover dental expenses. That's why Sal Cocivera, a financial advisor with Lincoln Financial Advisors recommends that clients get a thorough checkup and take care of any costly procedures, including root canal and crowns, while their employer's insurance still covers them.

5. Buy Long-Term-Care Insurance

The biggest threat to one's nest egg isn't a bear market but an extended stay in a long-term-care facility. The average nursing home costs more than $74,000 a year, according to life insurance provider MetLife. To make sure an accident or just deteriorating health doesn't wipe out your savings, consider buying long-term-care insurance.

Be warned, however, that purchasing a long-term-care policy in one's 60s will be expensive. Those high premiums will be worth it, though. Should you fall ill, for example, your spouse will still have assets to live on, says Lincoln Financial Advisors' Cocivera. While prices vary quite a bit, this is one area where one shouldn't skimp. Some of the least expensive policies may leave out important benefits, including inflation protection and the freedom to hire any home health-care aide you want.

rfp2008

对不起，暂时用英文贴着先， 我需要点时间来整理以上 的重点和转化成本地使用的版本。。我迟点会更改

sstsy

原帖由 rfp2008 于 23-10-2008 17:38 发表
对不起，暂时用英文贴着先， 我需要点时间来整理以上 的重点和转化成本地使用的版本。。我迟点会更改

很好的帖，超赞！！！

等着中文版本。。。。

rfp2008

http://www.whatsyournumber.com.my/En/calculator/index.html

这是保诚保险的退休计算机，
曾经有人放上过新加坡的退休计算机，而我觉得保诚这个会更好
是因为它把花费的部分加以细分，医药，事物，娱乐，
当然连退休后的收入来源也有细分化

坏处的是，局限于保险公司的退休计划
而且，针对各消费的通货膨胀率，一般民众不能有一个比较好的概念