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OMG:人类大脑仅能管理150好友
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TimesOnline
OMG: brains can’t handle all our Facebook friends
WE may be able to amass 5,000 friends on Facebook but humans’ brains are capable of managing a maximum of only 150 friendships, a study has found.
Robin Dunbar, professor of Evolutionary Anthropology at Oxford University, has conducted research revealing that while social networking sites allow us to maintain more relationships, the number of meaningful friendships is the same as it has been throughout history.
Dunbar developed a theory known as “Dunbar’s number” in the 1990s which claimed that the size of our neocortex — the part of the brain used for conscious thought and language — limits us to managing social circles of around 150 friends, no matter how sociable we are.
These are relationships in which a person knows how each friend relates to every other friend. They are people you care about and contact at least once a year.
Dunbar derived the limit from studying social groupings in a variety of societies — from neolithic villages to modern office environments.
He found that people tended to self-organise in groups of around 150 because social cohesion begins to deteriorate as groups become larger.
Dunbar is now studying social networking websites to see if the “Facebook effect” has stretched the size of social groupings. Preliminary results suggest it has not.
“The interesting thing is that you can have 1,500 friends but when you actually look at traffic on sites, you see people maintain the same inner circle of around 150 people that we observe in the real world,” said Dunbar.
“People obviously like the kudos of having hundreds of friends but the reality is that they’re unlikely to be bigger than anyone else’s.
“There is a big sex difference though ... girls are much better at maintaining relationships just by talking to each other. Boys need to do physical stuff together.”
Dunbar’s study is due to be published later this year.
OMG:人类大脑仅能管理150好友
我们也许能在Facebook加上5000个好友,但是据最新的研究发现,人类的大脑仅能合理处理与150个好友之间的关系。牛津大学人类进化学教授RobinDunbar研究指出,虽然社交类网站能够让你与更多的“好友”保持联系,但是与现实中好友的关系却没有任何变化。RobinDunbar于上世纪90年代发明了邓巴“150定律”。
人类的社交网络通常被认为是几乎无限大,尤其是在网络发达的现代,只要上网就可认识身在地球另一边的友人,似乎人际关系也随着网络的普遍而更加扩大了。但《Forbes》报导,据咨询公司OxfordAnalytica研究显示,到了现代,人们的交际圈的规模并没有真正变大。
从历史来看,人类一直是聚居在小型聚落(settlement)中。自11世纪的英国文献至近代的社会学报告中都可以发现,聚落的人数约都在150人左右。现代人社交网络中的友人数目也与此相同,有真正互动交流的朋友人数,约为150人。
进入网络时代后,一般认为,网络突破了人们面对面往来的限制,能扩大人们的交际圈。但在Oxford Analytica研究Facebook使用者的好友名单数后发现,这并未真的发生。绝大部分使用者的好友人数与他们原本交际圈内的友人数目相同,好友人数破千的更是少之又少。
个人的社交圈架构以同心圆的方式呈现,分为5人、15人、50人和150人等4层。内圈的友人数虽少,但彼此往来互动品质较高;外圈友人数多,但互动品质也较低落。这个同心圆的架构,在不同文化与经济环境中也都同样呈现。
1992年,英国牛津人类学家邓巴(RobinDunbar)首度提出,人类交际圈的规模最大不会超过150人。这个“邓巴数字”并不是指一个人只可能认识150人,而是指与人互动时,能维持稳定人际往来的最大人数。
观察得知,当一个人的交际人数超过150人时,其社交行为是趋于松散的,这意味着他们可能只认得对方的长相和名字,比如企业大老板对其数百名下属间,单方向的人际关系。因为人脑无法妥善处理超过150人以上的交际信息,因此也较无法深耕友谊。
此外,社交圈的形成还有两大要素:信任感与同侪压力。对于他人的信任感源自于对对方直接的认识,这一点是只有网络往来所办不到的。同侪压力的形成,则来自于圈内友人均相互认识,如果圈内有人做出不良行为,就会被其他人所摒弃。
在近来对于网络社群的研究中,也出现同样的看法。有些网络社群的形成基于对单一目标的号召,成员彼此间不见得有互动;有些社群则由成员间的互动所形成,在这种情形下,成员的互动与互信至关重要,而该社群的结构也会保持得很小。同样地,若一个网络社群仰仗同侪压力或要求归属感来管理社群内部,社群内部将会有更强大的合作力量。
虽然,能真正有效运作并交流的社交网络,它的规模是受限的,但结构相对也较为扎实。而这种小团体间的相互信任与归属感觉,也是人类从古至今在社群中所追求的东西。
Source: TimesOnline |
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发表于 27-1-2010 09:22 AM
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谢谢你的分享哦!
150个对我来说还是很多。。。 |
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发表于 27-1-2010 09:25 AM
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OMG: brains can’t handle all our Facebook friends
WE may be able to amass 5,000 friends on F ...
tclong 发表于 27-1-2010 08:19 AM 
我只想管理不超过15人而已。 |
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发表于 27-1-2010 10:19 AM
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