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NASA , RSA, ESA, JAXA, CNSA and other State of Space Agency
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发表于 12-4-2008 11:07 AM
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回复 1# kl90 的帖子
这样多个 space agency!!
可以篇写成百科全书了。。。 |
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楼主 |
发表于 12-4-2008 12:38 PM
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就是咯.....一个国家一个吗.....你不知道啊?? |
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楼主 |
发表于 16-4-2008 11:44 AM
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http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/080415-exp16-exp17-crewswap.html
South Korea's first astronaut is sharing some hearty laughs and traditional - but extra spicy - space food with U.S. and Russian crewmates aboard the International Space Station (ISS).
After a week in space, South Korean bioengineer So-yeon Yi, 29, told reporters Tuesday that her mission is going well and that her country's space food is apparently a hit aboard the ISS.
"It's very delicious," said second-generation Russian cosmonaut Sergei Volkov, commander of the station's new Expedition 17 crew, via a space-to-ground video link. "Of course, it's very spicy for sure. Despite the fact that you want things spicy when you get up here, it was a bit more spicy than we expected or required."
Yi, Volkov and Expedition 17 flight engineer Oleg Kononenko launched into orbit aboard their Russian-built Soyuz TMA-12 spacecraft on April 8. They docked two days later to replace the station's outgoing Expedition 16 commander Peggy Whitson and flight engineer Yuri Malenchenko.
"The most fantastic thing is that I cannot feel my weight, and I can fly around like Peter Pan," Yi told reporters. "Earth is really beautiful."
In addition to her experiment equipment, Yi packed Korean kimchi and other traditional foods to share with her U.S. and Russian crewmates during a holiday meal on April 12, which Russia celebrates as Cosmonautics Day.
"Their reaction was particularly good for instant noodles, kimchi and chili paste," the Korean news agency Yonhap quoted Yi as saying on April 13. "I am not certain if they will become common fare in space, but others enjoyed the food I brought and if there are any left I plan to leave some behind for others to enjoy."
Yi will return to Earth on Saturday with Whitson and Malenchenko aboard their Soyuz TMA-11 spacecraft.
"So-yeon has done a phenomenal job while she's been up here. It's great having her laugh and smile," said a smiling Whitson, who is wrapping up a six-month mission with Malenchenko. "And we enjoyed the Korean food. Some of us like it spicy."
Yi is flying under a commercial agreement between Russia and South Korea, and was initially selected from a field of 36,000 applicants to serve as a backup astronaut. Yi moved to the prime crew last month after Russian space officials pulled South Korea's first astronaut, artificial intelligence expert San Ko, from the flight due to reading rule violations.
Crew swap goes well
While Yi performs a series of experiments and educational events for her country, a crew swap is in full swing between the Expedition 17 and Expedition 16 astronauts.
Whitson, the station's first female commander, and Malenchenko have lived and worked aboard the space station since October. During their six months in space, they've welcomed a new connecting module, European lab, Japanese storage room and Canadian robot repairman during three visiting shuttle, as well as Europe's first unmanned cargo ship Jules Verne.
"I have to admit, I really enjoyed ingressing all the new modules," said Whitson, who will set a new U.S. record for the most cumulative days in space on Wednesday. "I think we have taken a big step in making it a truly international space station."
Whitson and Malenchenko are due to return to Earth with Yi Saturday, with landing targeted for about 4:27 a.m. EDT (0827 GMT) on the Central Asian steppes of Kazakhstan.
They are leaving behind crewmate Garret Reisman, who will join Volkov and Kononenko for the first stage of the six-month Expedition 17 mission. A devoted Yankees fan, Reisman will throw out the ceremonial opening pitch for Wednesday night's game between his beloved team and the Boston Red Sox at Yankee Stadium in New York City from aboard the ISS.
"I've really just enjoyed hanging out with both Peggy and Yuri," Reisman said. "We've had a lot of laughs and some really good times."
NASAwill broadcast the undocking and landing of Yi and the station's Expedition 16crew live on NASA TV beginning Friday at 9:30 p.m. EDT (0130 April 19 GMT).Click here for SPACE.com's ISS mission updates and NASA TV feed.
TheKorean news service Yonhap contributed to this report.
[ 本帖最后由 kl90 于 16-4-2008 11:38 PM 编辑 ] |
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发表于 16-4-2008 07:47 PM
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原帖由 kl90 于 11-4-2008 07:40 PM 发表 
我们来讨论有关的太空任务和人类太空任务!!!
楼主开楼后就神龙不见首尾。
就是咯.....一个国家一个吗.....你不知道啊??
恕我愚昧,如果我不知道,那怎么样?
[ 本帖最后由 blackbird 于 17-4-2008 12:04 AM 编辑 ] |
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楼主 |
发表于 16-4-2008 11:46 PM
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不好意思啊!!!我是回复“rocketeer”的!!! |
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发表于 17-4-2008 08:26 AM
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楼主 |
发表于 17-4-2008 11:59 AM
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你要知道啊?? 
第二次劝告
请楼主针对主题讨论,
减少不必要的对话
Blackbird 版主
17.04.2008
[ 本帖最后由 blackbird 于 17-4-2008 07:39 PM 编辑 ] |
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发表于 18-4-2008 12:18 PM
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我不知道这些国家太空署有什么分别。
麻烦楼主列出好吗?
比如JAXA 主力在哪里?
ESA 和NASA的操作和作业主力有什么分别? |
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楼主 |
发表于 19-4-2008 12:39 PM
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回复 9# pfg1group 的帖子
NASA
美国国家航空航天局(National Aeronautics and Space Administration,NASA)是一个美国联邦政府机构,负责太空计划,于1957年创立。目前美国国家航空航天局的年度预算为160亿美元,总部位于华盛顿哥伦比亚特区。美国国家航空航天局的视野是 “改善这里的生命,把生命延伸到那里,在更远处找到别的生命”。美国国家航空航天局的目标是“理解并保护我们赖以生存的行星;探索宇宙,找到地球外的生命;启示我们的下一代去探索宇宙”。在太空计划之外,美国国家航空航天局还进行长期的民用以及军用航空太空研究。美国国家航空航天局被广泛认为是世界范围内太空机构的领头牛。
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA
ESA
欧洲航天局(European Space Agency,缩写ESA)是一个欧洲数国政府间的空间探测和开发组织,总部设在法国首都巴黎。欧洲航天局负责阿利亚娜4号和亞利安五号火箭运载火箭的研制与开发。
欧洲航天局的前身,欧洲航天研究组织(European Space Research Organization,ESRO)经过1962年6月14日签署的一项协议,于1964年3月20日建立。如今它仍旧是ESA的一部分,称为欧洲航天研究与技术中心(European Space Research and Technology Centre,ESTEC),位于荷兰的諾德惠克(Noordwijk)。
ESA目前共有17个成员国:奥地利、比利时、丹麦、芬兰、法国、德国、希腊、爱尔兰、意大利、卢森堡、荷兰、挪威、葡萄牙、西班牙、瑞典、瑞士以及英国。法国是其主要贡献者(参见法国航天局)。目前,ESA与欧盟没有关系。
ESA共有约1700名工作人员。其1999年的预算约为26.5亿欧元。
ESA的发射中心是位于法属圭亚那的圭亚那发射中心。由于其相对于赤道较近,使卫星发射至地球同步轨道较为经济(同质量下所需燃料较少)。ESA的控制中心位于德国的达姆施塔特。
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESA
JAXA
日本宇宙航空研究開發機構(日:宇宙航空研究開発機構,Uchu-koku-kenkyu-kaihatsu-kiko;英:Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency=JAXA),為負責日本宇宙開發政策的獨立行政法人,包括研究、开发、和发射卫星入地心轨道。其它任务包括探测小行星和未来可能的登月工程。隸屬文部科學省。2003年10月1日由3個與日本航太有關的機構文部科学省宇宙科学研究所(ISAS)、航空宇宙技術研究所(NAL)、宇宙開發事業團(NASDA)統合而成。首任執行長為的川泰宣。
2003年10月1日,文部科學省宇宙科学研究所(ISAS)、航空宇宙技術研究所(NAL)、宇宙開發事業团(NASDA)合并成今天的宇宙航空研究開發機構。 此前,宇宙科学研究所的责任是宇宙与行星的研究。同时,航空宇宙技術研究所集中在航空研究。1969年10月1日建立的宇宙開發事業团曾经开发过火箭和卫星,也制作了日本的国际空间站实验舱。宇宙開發事業团也训练过有美国太空梭而载入太空的日本宇航员。合并后,宇宙開發事業团的总局改为了现在的種子島宇宙中心。
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAXA
CNSA
国家航天局是于1993年4月22日经中华人民共和国中央人民政府批准成立的非军事机构,其职责是执行中国的国家航天政策。国家航天局是在原航天工业部的基础上建立起来的。
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNSA
he Russian Federal Space Agency (Russian: Федеральное космическое агентство России Federal'noe kosmicheskoe agentstvo Rossii, commonly known as "Roskosmos"), RSA, or RKA, formerly the Russian Aviation and Space Agency (Russian: Российское авиационно-космическое агентство Rossiyskoe aviatsionno-kosmicheskoe agentsvo, commonly known as "Rosaviakosmos"), is the government agency responsible for Russia's space science programme and general aerospace research. Roskosmos' headquarters are located in Moscow, main Mission Control space flight operations center ("Центр Управления Полетом", Tsentr Upravleniya Poletom, "ЦУП" TsUP ) is located in a town nearby known as Korolev and Cosmonauts Training Centre (GCTC) is in Star City. Launch facilities used are Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan (with most launches taking place there, both manned and unmanned) and Plesetsk Cosmodromein northern Russia used primarily for unmanned flights of militarydesignations. Since his appointment as General Director in March, 2004,Anatoly Perminov has led Russia's efforts to consolidate its space program.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Federal_Space_Agency
[ 本帖最后由 kl90 于 19-4-2008 12:42 PM 编辑 ] |
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楼主 |
发表于 20-4-2008 01:26 PM
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http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA
美国国家航空航天局(NASA)
历史
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太空竞赛
苏联于1957年10月4日成功地将第一枚人造卫星史泼尼克一号送入太空之后,美国的注意力转移到自己正在起步的航天工业发展。國會受到此一史潑尼克危機的震撼,要求政府立即採取行動,但艾森豪總統與其顧問團則認為應該更審慎地考量,在數個月的商議後,認為有必要成立一個全新的政府機構,以領導所有非軍事太空行動。
美國的第一顆環地球人造衛星「探索家一號」在1958年1月31日發射昇空。同年7月29日,艾森豪總統簽署了NASA的成立,一切行動開始於10月1日,NASA以擁有46年歷史的研究機構國家航空諮詢委員會的四個主要實驗機構與其中80名成員改組而成。由在戰後歸化美國的前德國火箭專家沃纳·冯·布劳恩所領導的德國火箭計劃,對於美國進入太空競賽領域有著重大的貢獻,被譽為美國太空計劃之父。陸軍彈道飛彈署(Army Ballistic Missile Agency)和海軍研究中心(Naval Research Laboratory)的一部份也整合到NASA的組織裡。
计划
原计划中,在水星计划和双子星计划结束之后的阿波罗计划启动,以在太空中做“有意思”的工作,甚至把宇航员送入月球轨道(并未计划登月)。肯尼迪总统在1961年5月25日的演说中声称美国应该在1970年以前“把一个宇航员送到月球上并把他安全带回来”使得阿波罗计划被迅速调整。阿波罗计划也就变成了载人登月计划。双子星计划很快变成了为复杂得多了的阿波罗计划提供辅助航天器技术的任务。
包括阿波罗1号中美国第一次有宇航员牺牲的事件,阿波罗8号首次航天器环绕月球的壮举在内,8年的初期准备之后,阿波罗计划为阿波罗11号派遣尼尔·阿姆斯特朗和巴兹·奥尔德林于1969年7月20日登月并于7月24日返回做好了准备。在踏出登月舱之后,阿姆斯特朗说道:“这是一个人的一小步,也是全人类的一大步。”到1972年为止,共有12个宇航员登月成功。
美国国家航空航天局赢得了登月竞赛,但在某种意义上失去了方向,至少失去了以保持保证国会批准高额预算的来自公众的关注和兴趣。约翰逊总统下台之后,美国国家航空航天局失去了其主要的政治支持,火箭科学家沃纳·冯·布劳恩被派到华盛顿游说政客。作为后续计划,建立宇宙空间站,建立月球基地,并在1990年前由宇航员登陆火星的想法被提出,但是土星火箭和阿波罗计划所使用的设备却无法支持这些目标。阿波罗13号氧气罐爆炸近乎失事而差点损失全部3名宇航员的性命,引起了全国上下的注意和关切。尽管阿波罗计划一直安排到阿波罗20号,阿波罗17号为她的母计划画上了句号。这个计划因为预算紧缩(部分因为越南战争的高额支出),和建造可重复使用航天器的计划而结束。
评论
包括Mark Wade在内的一些评论家指出,NASA在载人飞行的计划中陷入了停滞不前的状况。美国政府花费数十亿美圆的阿波罗计划以及土星计划中使用的航天器自1970年起就不再被使用。2004年,美国政府提出了代替宇宙飞船的Crew Exploration Vehicle,以允许航天局再次将宇航员送至月球。哪怕阿波罗计划之后财政预算的缩减之后,NASA 仍然保持着大手大脚的官僚作风,致使过于夸张的无用开销和并不在最佳状态上的器械。
目前, 国际空间站的重要建筑材料发送仍然依靠着美国的几架航天飞机。
在1986年和2003年的两次重大事故中,美国已经损失了包括14位航天员生命在内的两架航天飞机。 1986年的事故中损失了一架用替代零件制成的航天飞机而2003年再次发生事故后, NASA仍然不考虑建造新的航天飞机以弥补损失。(参看Crew Exploration Vehicle.) 国际空间站原本计划在2005年保持7名宇航员的配置,现在却只有最基本的两名而导致很多计划中的研究项目被推迟。 其他在国际空间站的项目上投了巨资(比如欧洲航天局)的国家,却因为担心国际空间站会在不远的将来像太空实验室一样。当然,到2005年为止,许多欧洲国家和日本对国际空间站的贡献已经落后于时间表很多了。
[ 本帖最后由 kl90 于 20-4-2008 01:29 PM 编辑 ] |
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发表于 21-4-2008 10:14 PM
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加分鼓励
Blackbird 版主
21.04.2008 |
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楼主 |
发表于 22-4-2008 10:20 AM
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谢谢哦!!!  |
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楼主 |
发表于 22-4-2008 10:25 AM
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http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAXA
JAXA
历史
2003年10月1日,文部科學省宇宙科学研究所(ISAS)、航空宇宙技術研究所(NAL)、宇宙開發事業团(NASDA)合并成今天的宇宙航空研究開發機構。 此前,宇宙科学研究所的责任是宇宙与行星的研究。同时,航空宇宙技術研究所集中在航空研究。1969年10月1日建立的宇宙開發事業团曾经开发过火箭和卫星,也制作了日本的国际空间站实验舱。宇宙開發事業团也训练过有美国太空梭而载入太空的日本宇航员。合并后,宇宙開發事業团的总局改为了现在的種子島宇宙中心。
火箭研制与使用
宇航研发机构使用前宇宙開發事業团的H-IIA运载火箭发射工程测试卫星、气象卫星、等等。为了科学任务,如爱克斯射线天文仪器,宇航研发机构一般用宇宙科学研究所的M-V固体燃料火箭。宇航研发机构正在与石川島播磨重工業、洛克西德·马丁、等其它日本企业合作研制GX火箭。GX火箭将是世界上第一枚用液化天然气的火箭。
载人航天
日本至今还没有研制自己的载人航天飞船。第一位日本宇航员是秋山豊寬,东京广播公司赞助的记者。他在1990年12月由联盟号TM-11登入和平号太空站。他在和平号太空站停留了7天,苏联称为他们的第一次宇宙旅行,花费1400万美元。
日本的第一位职业宇航员是宇宙开發事业团的毛利衛。他在1992年由STS-47入太空。
在现在的计划下,宇航研发机构将在2020年左右登月,开始建立月球站。月球站将在2030年完成。[1] |
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楼主 |
发表于 24-4-2008 12:40 AM
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神舟号飞船
神舟号飞船是由中国研制的载人宇宙飞船,于2003年10月15日第一次完成载人飞行。神舟号飞船与俄罗斯的联盟号飞船相似,但具备全新的结构和更大的尺寸。神舟号由推进舱、返回舱、轨道舱和附加段构成,总长约9米,总重约8吨。神舟号飞船由长征二号F火箭发射升空。发射基地是酒泉卫星发射中心,回收地点在内蒙古中部的草原上。
结构
推进舱(Service Module)
推进舱位于飞船的后部,外形为圆筒状,装有4台主发动机和姿态控制发动机,两侧装有20多平方米的主太阳能电池阵。推进舱主要用于飞船的姿态控制、变轨和制动,以及向飞船提供电力。
返回舱(Re-entry Capsule)
返回舱位于飞船的中段,外形呈钟形,直径2.5米,空间约6立方米,设计可容纳3名航天员,是目前世界上可利用空间最大的飞船。航天员在火箭升空时和重返大气层时穿着航天服躺在返回舱里的座椅上。返回舱的底部有热盾用于抵御直接撞击大气时的高温。由于返回舱不是纯粹的球体,在重返大气层时仍然可以获得一定的气动升力,减速过程相对平稳,而且可以在一定程度上控制下降的轨迹。返回舱采用单个圆顶降落伞进一步降低下降的速度。降落伞面积1200平方米,是世界上最大的降落伞。返回舱在触地前点燃制动火箭,使着陆更加“柔和”。
轨道舱(Orbital Module)
轨道舱位于飞船的前段,通过舱口与后面的返回舱相通,外形呈两端带有锥角的圆柱形。轨道舱是宇航员在轨飞行期间的生活舱、试验舱和货舱。在飞船发射前,航天员先通过轨道舱的水平舱门进入飞船,在下降到返回舱里。与联盟飞船不同,神舟飞船的轨道舱具有自己的太阳能电池阵列,导航和推进系统。与飞船分离后,轨道舱仍然可继续在轨工作半年以上。上次发射的轨道舱可以同与下一个飞船进行交会对接,这样就节省了交会对接的发射次数,降低了载人航天计划的总体费用。
位于飞船最前端的附加段的具体作用外界仍然不得而知,但外界相信這是通訊用的附加段。
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7 ... 7%E9%A3%9E%E8%88%B9
[ 本帖最后由 kl90 于 24-4-2008 12:46 AM 编辑 ] |
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发表于 25-4-2008 04:50 PM
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http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8 ... 9%E9%A3%9E%E8%88%B9

联盟号(俄语:Союз)是苏联研制的第三代载人飞船的名字。与之相对应的载人航天计划称为联盟计划。
设计和生产

A Soyuz spacecraft consists of three parts (from front to back):
* A spheroid orbital module
* A small aerodynamic reentry module
* A cylindrical service module with solar panels attached
The first and third modules are single-use and destroyed upon re-entry in the atmosphere. The first two portions are habitable living space. By moving as much as possible into the orbital module, which does not have to be shielded or decelerated during atmospheric re-entry, the Soyuz is both larger and lighter than the Apollo spacecraft's command module. The Apollo command module had six cubic meters of living space and a mass of 5000 kg; the three-part Soyuz provided the same crew with nine cubic meters of living space, an airlock, and a service module for the mass of the Apollo capsule alone.
Soyuz can carry up to three cosmonauts and provide life support for them for about 30 person days. The life support system provides a nitrogen/oxygen atmosphere at sea level partial pressures. The atmosphere is regenerated through KO2 cylinders, which absorb most of the CO2 and water produced by the crew and regenerates the oxygen, and LiOH cylinders which absorb leftover CO2.
The vehicle is protected during launch by a nose fairing, which is jettisoned after passing through the atmosphere. It has an automatic docking system. The ship can be operated automatically, or by a pilot independently of ground control.
軌道模組(BO)

The forepart of the spacecraft is the orbital module (Russian: бытовой отсек (БО); Bytovoi otsek (BO)) also known as Habitation section. It houses all the equipment that will not be needed for reentry, such as experiments, cameras or cargo. The module also contains a toilet, docking avionics and communications gear. On the latest Soyuz versions, a small window was introduced, providing the crew with a forward view.
A hatch between it and the descent module can be closed so as to isolate it to act as an airlock if needed, cosmonauts exiting through its side port (at the bottom of this picture, near the descent module). On the launch pad, they have entered the spacecraft through this port.
This separation also lets the orbital module be customized to the mission with less risk to the life-critical descent module. The convention of orientation in zero gravity differs from that of the descent module, as cosmonauts stand or sit with their heads to the docking port.
進入模組 (SA)

The reentry module (Russian: спускаемый аппарат (СА); Spuskaemyi apparat (SA)) is used for launch and the journey back to Earth. It is covered by a heat-resistant covering to protect it during re-entry. It is slowed initially by the atmosphere, then by a braking parachute, followed by the main parachute which slows the craft for landing. At one meter above the ground, solid-fuel braking engines mounted behind the heat shield are fired to give a soft landing. One of the design requirements for the reentry module was for it to have the highest possible volumetric efficiency (internal volume divided by hull area). The best shape for this is a sphere, but such a shape can provide no lift, which results in a purely ballistic reentry. Ballistic reentries are hard on the occupants due to high deceleration and can't be steered beyond their initial deorbit burn. That is why it was decided to go with the 'headlight' shape that the Soyuz uses - a hemispherical forward area joined by a barely angled conical section (seven degrees) to a classic spherical section heat shield. This shape allows a small amount of lift to be generated due to the unequal weight distribution. The nickname was thought up at a time when nearly every headlight was circular.
伺服模組(PAO)

At the back of the vehicle is the service module (Russian: приборно-агрегатный отсек (ПАО); Priborno-Agregatnyi Otsek (PAO)). It has a pressurized container shaped like a bulging can (Instrumentation compartment, PO (Priborniy Otsek) that contains systems for temperature control, electric power supply, long-range radio communications, radio telemetry, instruments for orientation and control. A non-pressurized part of the service module (Propulsion compartment, AO (Agregatniy Otsek)) contains the main engine and a spare: liquid-fuel propulsion systems for maneuvering in orbit and initiating the descent back to Earth. The ship also has a system of low-thrust engines for orientation, attached to the Intermediate compartment (PkhO or Perekhodnoi Otsek). Outside the service module are the sensors for the orientation system and the solar array, which is oriented towards the sun by rotating the ship.
重進手續
Because its modular construction differs from that of previous designs, the Soyuz has an unusual sequence of events prior to re-entry. The spacecraft is turned engine-forward and the main engine is fired for de-orbiting fully 180° ahead of its planned landing site. This requires the least propellant for re-entry, the spacecraft traveling on an elliptical Hohmann orbit to a point where it will be low enough in the atmosphere to re-enter.
Early Soyuz spacecraft would then have the service and orbital modules detach simultaneously. As they are connected by tubing and electrical cables to the descent module, this would aid in their separation and avoid having the descent module alter its orientation. Later Soyuz spacecraft detach the orbital module before firing the main engine, which saves even more propellant, enabling the descent module to return more payload. But in no case can the orbital module remain in orbit as an addition to a space station, for the hatch enabling it to function as an airlock is part of the descent module.
Re-entry firing is done on the "dawn" side of the earth, so that the spacecraft can be seen by recovery helicopters as it descends in the evening twilight, illuminated by the sun when it is above the shadow of the Earth. The Soyuz craft is designed to come down on land, usually somewhere in the deserts of Kazakhstan in central Asia. This is in contrast to early US manned missions which "splashed down" in the ocean.
太空船主系統
* 溫度控制系統 - Sistema Obespecheniya Teplovogo Rezhima, SOTR
* 生命維持系統 - Kompleks Sredstv Obespecheniya Zhiznideyatelnosti, KSOZh
* 電力供應系統 - Sistema Elektropitaniya, SEP
* 通訊追蹤系統 - Rassvet (Dawn) 無線電通訊器, 內建測量器 (SBI), Kvant-V 太空船控制器, Klyost-M 電視系統, 軌道無線電追蹤(RKO)
* 綜合控制系統 - Sistema Upravleniya Bortovym Kompleksom, SUBK
* 綜合推進系統 - Kompleksnaya Dvigatelnaya Ustanovka, KDU
* Chaika-3運動控制系統(SUD)
* 光學視覺裝置(OVP)- VSK-4 (Vizir Spetsialniy Kosmicheskiy-4),夜視裝置 (VNUK-K, Visir Nechnogo Upravleniya po Kursu), 泊定指示燈, 駕駛員視窗 (VP-1, Vizir Pilota-1), 雷射測距儀(LPR-1, Lazerniy Dalnomer-1)
* 軌道會合系統
* 泊定系統 - Sistema Stukovki i Vnutrennego Perekhoda, SSVP
* 機器人控制系統 - Teleoperatorniy Rezhim Upravleniya, TORU
* 機械臂系統 - Sistema Ispolnitelnikh Organov Spuska, SIO-S
* 降落套件 - Kompleks Sredstv Prizemleniya, KSP
* 攜帶式維生包 - Nosimiy Avariyniy Zapas, NAZ, 包含TP-82或其他型手槍
* 發射逃生系統 - Sistema Avariynogo Spaseniya, SAS
[ 本帖最后由 kl90 于 25-4-2008 04:53 PM 编辑 ] |
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发表于 15-5-2008 10:39 PM
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http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92
星座计划

星座计划(Project Constellation)是美国国家航空航天局正在筹备的一项太空探索计划。
整个计划将包括一系列新的航天器、运载火箭以及相关硬件,将在包括国际空间站补给运输以及登月等各种太空任务中使用。大多数星座计划使用的硬件都会基于航天飞机的模式,尽管核心部件猎户座航天器(曾称为载人探索飞行器,Crew Exploration Vehicle,CLV)很大程度上受了阿波罗航天器的影响,使用乘员/服务舱系统。
星座计划的运载系统将前所未有地同时使用地球轨道交会(Earth Orbit Rendezvous)和月球轨道交会(Lunar Orbit Rendezvous)。整个系统包括三部分:猎户座乘员/服务舱(The Orion Crew & Service Modules,CSM)、月球着陆舱(Lunar Surface Access Module,LSAM)以及地球出发站(Earth Departure Stage,EDS)。运载系统中使用的火箭包括发射无人设施的战神5号(Ares V,将发射地球出发站外加月球着陆舱和其他货物中的一项)以及发射载人航天器的战神1号(Ares I)。 |
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